A study and critique of the components of &quot;Ijtihad of the Companions&quot;, &quot;Jihad of the Companions&quot;, and &quot;Preserving the Community&quot; in the historiography of Munir Ghadhban, Mahmoud Shakir, and Muhammad Sallabi

Ahmadian, Hamid; Montazeralghaem, Asghar; Chelongar, Mohammadali

doi:10.22034/icrs.2026.558490.1405

A study and critique of the components of "Ijtihad of the Companions", "Jihad of the Companions", and "Preserving the Community" in the historiography of Munir Ghadhban, Mahmoud Shakir, and Muhammad Sallabi

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Hamid ahmadian

Asghar Montazeralghaem

mohammadali chelongar

Department of History and Iranian Studies, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

10.22034/icrs.2026.558490.1405

Abstract

The role of history in making civilizations cannot be denied. One of the sciences that has played a pivotal role in building Islamic civilization is history. However, history can play an effective role only if it seeks to discover the truth through scientific methods, but some contemporary historians, with a theological approach, have sought to prove their religious beliefs instead of discovering the truth. Some historians have gone to extremes in using theological data ignoring historical reports and relying solely on theological rules as definitive and final evidence, rather than as evidence. Such approach to history causes the historian to distance himself from scientific and civilization-building historiography and become a theologian. In this article, Munir Ghadhban, Mahmoud Shakir, and Muhammad Sallabi have been selected as historians to study their historiographical methods in applying three theological principles. These three theological principles are: "ijtihad of the companions", "jihad of the companions", and " Preserving the Community". the main research questions can be posed as follows: Have these historians adhered to correct and systematic historical methods when faced with the theological principles of "ijtihad of the companions," "jihad of the companions," and "preserving the Community"? and what were the effects and consequences of this usage? It seems that these historians have not been able to distinguish between history and theology as the duty and method of a historian require. Therefore, methodological and objective frameworks have not been observed in their historiography, and their historiography cannot be considered scientific and structured.

Keywords

Theological rules

historiographical method

Munir Ghadhban

ahmoud shakir

Muhammad Sallabi

making civilization

Subjects