نشریه علمی علم و تمدن در اسلام

نشریه علمی علم و تمدن در اسلام

"هر کسی را اصطلاحی داده اند" تقیّه ورزی و هویّت‌مندی در میان جماعت گُپتی هندوستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استاد ممتاز مطالعات اسلامی و مدیر مؤسس مرکز تمدن‌های آسیای جنوبی، دانشگاه تورنتو کانادا
2 دانشجوی دکترای مطالعات اسلامی، دانشگاه مک گیل کانادا. (همکار در ترجمه)
3 استادیار دپارتمان مطالعات تاریخی، دانشگاه تورنتو کانادا. (همکار در ترجمه)
4 پژوهشگر مطالعات اسلامی، دپارتمان مطالعات تاریخی و دپارتمان مطالعات ادیان، دانشگاه تورنتو کانادا. (همکار در ترجمه)
چکیده
گُپْتی‌های بهاونگر هند، نمونه‌ای نامعلوم از تقیّه­اند و چالشی برای طبقه‌بندی‌های سنّتی هویّت دینی در جنوب آسیا. تقیّه غالباً توسط گروه‌های اقلیّت یا مسلمانانِ در مضیقه که از افشای اعتقادات واقعی خویش بیم دارند، انجام می­گیرد. از چشم­انداز تاریخی، شیعیان، چه اثناعشری و چه اسماعیلی، به­طور معمول خود را در زیّ تسنّن، که شکل­دهندۀ جماعت اکثریّت­اند، پنهان داشته­اند. سوال اصلی تحقیق این است که نحوۀ تقیۀ گُپتی­ها چگونه است؟ یافته­های تحقیق نشان می دهد گُپْتی‌ها که پیروان امام اسماعیلی­اند و نامشان نیز به معنای  پنهان یا مخفی است، نه در لباس اهل سنّت، که در کسوت هندوان پنهان می­شوند. عمل تقیّۀ گُپْتی‌ها به دلیل دیگری نیز استثنایی است: هندوئیسم صرفاً پوششی برای پیشگیری از پیامدهای زیانبار نیست، بلکه بخشی جدایی‌ناپذیر از نظام اعتقادی و هویّتی گُپْتی‌ها، و اساس اعتقاد ایشان به آقاخان، نه­تنها به­عنوان امام، بلکه در جایگاه اَوتار عصر حاضر است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

“Everyone Has Their Own Idiom” Taqiyya and Identity among the Gupti Community of India

نویسندگان English

Shafique Nizarali Virani 1
Seddigheh Kardan 2
Zeinab Farokhi 3
Shaftolu Gulamadov 4
1 Distinguished Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Toronto and the Founding Director of the Centre for South Asian Civilizations at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
2 Ph.D. Candidate in Islamic Studies at the Institute of Islamic Studies, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Translation Assistant.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Historical Studies, University of Toronto, Canada. Translation Assistant.
4 Researcher of Islamic Studies, Department of Historical Studies and Department for the Study of Religion, University of Toronto, Canada. Translation Assistant
چکیده English

Taqiyyah, or pious circumspection, is a long-established practice in the history of Islam. It is normally adopted by minority or otherwise disadvantaged groups of Muslims who fear negative repercussions should their real faith become known. Historically, Shīʿah Muslims, both Ithnā-ʿasharī and Ismāʿīlī, have sometimes had to live as Sunnīs, who form the dominant community. However, the Guptīs of Bhavnagar, India, represent an unexplored case of taqiyyah, and challenge traditional categories of religious identity in South Asia. The Guptīs are followers of the Ismāʿīlī Imam, and their name means secret or hidden ones. In the context of India, they take refuge not as Sunnī Muslims, but as Hindus. The Guptī practice of taqiyyah is exceptional for another reason: Hinduism is not simply a veil used to avoid harmful consequences, but forms an integral part of the Guptī belief system and identity, and the basis of their conviction in the Aga Khan, not only as the Imam, but as the avatāra of the current age.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Taqiyyah
Guptī
Hindu
Ismāʿīlī
Gujarat
Ginān
Imām
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دوره 6، شماره 23
بهار 1404
صفحه 55-117

  • تاریخ دریافت 09 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 10 مرداد 1404