Islamic civilization is, at its foundation, a text-centered and revelation-based civilization whose epistemic, legal, and social structures are rooted in the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah. The central question of this study is how fundamental revelatory concepts, during the formative period of Islamic civilization, moved beyond the level of spiritual teachings and were transformed into social and intellectual institutions. To address this question, the present research adopts the approach of “hermeneutics of sacred texts” and employs linguistic, contextual, and historical analysis to examine key Qur’anic and Hadith concepts within the social context of early Islam. In this approach, core concepts such as knowledge, justice, consultation, and cooperation are first extracted based on the semantic indications of the sacred text; then these concepts are interpreted within the historical–social context of the first Muslim community; and finally, their civilizational role in shaping institutions such as scholarly centers, the judicial system, educational structures, and social institutions like waqf and zakāt is analyzed. The findings indicate that these concepts were not merely ethical exhortations but served as institution-building and civilization-forming elements. The study concludes that a proper understanding of the formation of Islamic civilization—as well as the reconstruction of a new Islamic civilization—requires a systematic return to, and hermeneutical analysis of, the Qur’an and Sunnah.